NOTES on ICSE HISTORY

Cabinet Mission proposal (clauses) The Second World War had ended. In England the labour party had come to power. In India there was a continuous communal problem. All this prompted the P.M Attle to send the cabinet mission to India, The cabinet mission came with proposals which they thought would satisfy the congress and the Muslim league. They recommended. 1. There was to be a federal union of the British provinces and the princely states. 2. The union of India would include British India and the princely states. 3. The union executive and legislative would consist of British Indian provinces and the Indian states. 4. The union govt. would control defense, foreign affairs and communications. 5. All subjects other than the union subject and all residuary power were to be vested in the provinces 6. The provinces would be free to from groups with their own executive and legislature. 7. A constituent assembly would draw up the future constitution of India 8. The British provinces wo...

The younger sections in the congress laid by Subhash Chandra Bose were loosing faith in the non-violent programs and in the leadership of Gandhiji. 1. Subhash Chandra Bose was in sympathy with the farmer’s movement, whereas Gandhiji was opposed to the lawless activities of the farmers. 2. Bose’s idea of socialism was not much liked by Gandhiji. 3. Subhash Chandra Bose looked upon a war between Britain and Germany as God sent opportunity to exploit and situation. Pandit Nehru and Gandhiji were definitely opposed to the idea of taking advantage of Britain’s peril. 4. Subhash Chandra Bose favoured the policy of large scale industrialization. On the other hand Gandhiji favoured the idea of small scale industries to make the villages’ self-sufficient. 5. Gandhiji’s candidate Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya was defeated and Subhash Chandra Bose was reflected as congress president in 1939 at Tripura. This defeat was taken by Gandhiji as his own defeat. Thus both could not come to any agreement on...

Causes of Quit India movement 1. Failure of Cripps mission After the failure of the Cripps mission, the congress was left with no alternative but to launch of movement against the British rule. The British govt. was not ready to give freedom even after their victory in the war. 2. Worsening of communal problem In the Lahore session (1940), the Muslim league put forward the two nation theory and thus a demand for partition of India was made. The congress realized that behind this theory there was a hand of the British. The congress felt that if the British withdrew from India, people would sort out the difference in a peaceful and lovable manner. 3. Increase in prices The discontent grew among the Indians due to soaring prices, war time shortages and growing unemployment. 4. Japan posed a serious threat to India People feared that incase of Japanese attack on India British would leave India to their fate and run away. The leaders believed that it was necessary to launch a moveme...

Swaraj party: with the suspension of non-cooperation movement and the continued repressive activities of the govt, a section of congress led by C.R Das and Motilal Nehru felt that the legislature should not be boycotted and the fight had to be conducted from within. This group was known as pro-changers on the other hand Sardar Patel, Rajendra Prasad, and C. Rajagopalachari among other believed that the congress should continue with the policy of boycott and fight the govt. from outside the council. This group was known as no-changes. With C.R Das as president and Motilal Nehru as secretary, the swaraj party was formed and fought election to the central legislature. From within the legislature the swarajist continued their work against the govt. the swarajist were able to bring to the attention of the govt, some of the problem of the people. At the same time they exposed all the wrong doing of the British. Unfortunately with the death of C.R Das in June 1925 the swarajist lost much of...

Circumstances leading to the Non-Cooperation movement Rowlatt act The sedition committe was the Rowlatt committe was officially called, was headed by Justice Rowlatt. The committe recommended special legislation, which laid to the suspension of laws, safe-guarding the right and liberties of the people. Inspite of oppositions from Indians the Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919. This Act authorized the government to imprison any person without any trial and convict him in a court. This Act also empowered the police to search a place without any warrant. The Indians regarded the Act as a grave insult, since it came at the end of the First World War when Indians were expecting some constitutional concessions from the British government. This Act also came to be known as ‘black act’. Jallianwalla bagh tragedy- Amritsar had observed a hartal on 6th April. On 10th April two prominent leaders Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kitchlew were unnecessarily deported from Amritsar. Hartal was immediate...

Lucknow pact: In 1915 both the congress and the league held their session at Bombay. The Bombay session of the league was attended by the congress leaders. The leaders of both the parties forged a joint plan of post war constitutional reforms. In 1916 the congress and the league again held their respective sessions at Lucknow. A joint scheme was finally adopted by them. This agreement signed by two parties is known as the Lucknow pact. Terms/clauses of Lucknow pact: 1. The Indian councils of the secretary of state operating from England should be abolished. The secretary of state for India was to be assisted by two under secretaries, of whom one should be an Indian. 2. Four-fifth of the members of the provincial legislatures were to be directly elected and one-fifth to be nominated. 3. The minorities should have adequate separate representation in elected bodies. 4. The imperial legislative councils were to have 150 members. Of this 4/5 were to be elected and 1/...