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10. PARTITION OF INDIA

Cabinet Mission proposal (clauses)
The Second World War had ended. In England the labour party had come to power. In India there was a continuous communal problem. All this prompted the P.M Attle to send the cabinet mission to India, The cabinet mission came with proposals which they thought would satisfy the congress and the Muslim league. They recommended. 1. There was to be a federal union of the British provinces and the princely states. 2. The union of India would include British India and the princely states. 3. The union executive and legislative would consist of British Indian provinces and the Indian states. 4. The union govt. would control defense, foreign affairs and communications. 5. All subjects other than the union subject and all residuary power were to be vested in the provinces 6. The provinces would be free to from groups with their own executive and legislature. 7. A constituent assembly would draw up the future constitution of India 8. The British provinces would be divided into groups each groups would be divided into group each could determine the provincial subjects to be taken to common 9. Group A: - this would include six Hindu majority provinces viz 1. Madras 2. Bombay 3. Centre provinces 4. United provinces 5. Bihar 6. Orissa 10. Group b:-Punjab, Assam, Delhi, Ajmer-Marwar and Corrg to join group A and Baluchistan to join group B.
Mountbatten plan:-
Lord Mountbatten plan finally gave independence to India. Main proposals of this plan were 1. Partition of Sind, Bengal, and Punjab to be based on the decision of their legislative assemblies 2. A separate constituent assembly would be constituted for those parts of India which decided in favour of partition 3. In the NWFP and in parts of Sylhet a referendum was to be held to decide the future of the provinces 4. Princely states were given freedom to join either India or Pakistan or remain independent. 5. A Boundary Commission headed by Radcliff would be set up to mark out boundaries when and where required. 6. A freedom to join or not to join the common wealth would be given to India and Pakistan. 7. The plan proposed transfer of power in 1947.
Why did congress accept the Mountbatten Plan?
Partition was accepted as a necessary evil. It was believed that a smaller India with a strong center would be more powerful than a larger India with a weak federation and weaker center. The rigidity of the Muslim league and the growing communal problem make partition appear as the only solution.
INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT OF 1947
The British government in consultation with Viceroy prepared a draft of the Indian Independence bill. The bill was passed by both houses of the British parliament on July 1st, 1947 THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE ACT WERE AS FOLLOWS: 1. Two independent dominions, known respectively as India and Pakistan were to be set up as from 15th angst 1947 2. The territories of the two dominions were defined clearly Pakistan was to comprise Sind, Baluchistan, North-West Frontier Province, the west Punjab and east Bengal. 3. The boundaries were to be decided by the boundary commission two boundary commission were to be set up , one for the partition of Bengal and the separation of Sylhet from Assam, and the other for the partition of Punjab 4. There would be a governor general who would be appointed by his majesty on the advice of the cabinet of the concerned dominion. This arrangement would work till the framing of the constitution. 5. The legislature of each of the dominion would have full power to make laws for that dominion. 6. With effect from 15th august 1947, his majesties govt. would cease to have any responsibilities for the government of British India. 7. Provision made for safe guarding the interests of the existing officers in India appointed by the secretary of states 8. All power and authority exercisable by his majesty in relation to princely states were terminated. 9. Provision was made for the division of Indian army and the sharing of assets and liabilities between the two dominions. 10. Md Ali Zinna became the governor general of Pakistan and Lord Mt Batten became the governor general of free India.

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