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5. The Partition of Bengal

What was the reason behind the partition of Bengal?
Official motive-
Bengal during those period was very big all most about 1 lakh 90 thousand square miles and a population of 78.5 million it was said that the province of Bengal was too big to be efficiently administered by the single provincial government it was quite difficult for one L.T governor to administer it efficiently therefore a scheme was prepared to divide the province of the Bengal into two separate provinces.
Real motives-
1. The real motive was to break the growing solidarity of Bengali nationalisms. 2. To drive a wedge (gap) between the Hindus and Muslims 3. To demonstrate the strength of British Raj.
Anti-partition movement –
Reaction of the people – On 16th October 1905 partition of Bengal took place. This was declared as a day of mourning (sad). Every city, town and village now rang with the cry of ‘Bande Matram’. In Calcutta, the procession laid to the river Ganga. After a dip, people tied rakhi to each other symbolizing brotherhood. In the afternoon Anand Mohan Bose a veteran leader addressed the mass meeting at Calcutta and laid the foundation of federation hall (a symbol of unity) in Bengal. All the people gathered there took the vow of Swadeshi.
Swadeshi and boycott movement
begin in 1905 as a part of agitation against the partition of Bengal from were they spread the different part of country. Swadeshi and Boycott were the two side of the same coin, incomplete without each other. In order to adopted swadeshi boycott was necessary and to boycott swadeshi was necessary. The purpose of swadeshi movement was the expansion of Indian industries. Initially the boycott movement meant boycotting the British goods, in course of time it became more comprehensive. They now started to boycott English speech, govt. post and seats in legislative council. People also started boycotting those people from society who did not boycott the foreign goods. Student boycott the school and colleges. The people of Bengal followed swadeshi and boycott movement as important weapon against the partition in order to pressurize the govt. to listen to their request. I
Impact of anti-partition movement :-( significance)
1. It encouraged the use of Swadeshi goods. 2. Many new industries and Swadeshi stores sprang up. 3. It also provided employment to the unemployed craftsman. 4. It created much enthusiasm among students who contributed a lot in the movement. National literature were encouraged which inspired national feelings throughout India.
Surat split in 1907-
When the Indian national congress met at the Surat in 1907 Gopal Krishna Gokhlae and rest of the moderates wanted to cooperate with the British government for bringing about necessary reforms. They were afraid that swadeshi and boycott movement would make the British refuse to give them more political right so they did not want to continue with this programme. This made the radical angry and they left the congress. This break in congress is known as surat split.
1903; announcement of partition 1905; partition of Bengal 1911; withdrawal of Partition

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