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3. Programmes and achievement Moderates

3. Programmes and achievement Moderates
Early Congressman from 1885-1905 were often called moderates as they were moderate in their views, moderate in their demand, moderate in their methods and some say even moderate in their achievement. Moderates consist of middle class intelligentsia comprising lawyer, doctor, scholars, engineers and other such professional.
Moderate leader
1. Dadabhai Naoroji 2. Surendranath Banerjee 3. Gopal Krishna Gokhlae 4. W.C Banerjee 5. Justice Ranadey 6. Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya
Demands of the moderates-(objectives)
1. Expansion of legislature 2. Abolition of Indian council 3. Employment of more Indians in higher services 4. ICS examination to be held in England and India 5. Complete separation of executive and judiciary 6. Reduction of land tax, salt tax and sugar tax 7. Reduction in army expenditure and use of the funds for the development of health and education 8. Industrial growth through trade protection by imposing heavy tax on imported goods 9. Freedom to hold meetings and from association 10. Much later the moderate started talking of swaraj but under the British umbrella
Beliefs of the Moderate
Congress in this period of the early nationalist was very loyal to the British master. The moderate had full faith in the British sense of justice. The moderate believed that the welfare of the Indians was the primary concern of the Englishmen, they felt that the moment, British understood the problems of the Indians, they would solve them.
Method of the moderates
The methods used by the moderate can be termed as mild and constitutional. They believed in working within the constitutional frame works. As they wish to educate the Indian public and influence the British government positively, their procedure included: 1. Petitions, prayers and protest. 2. Resolution and memorandum. 3. Meeting and speeches in cities, towns and the countryside. 4. Distribution of leaflets and pamphlets.
Achievements of Moderates
1. By bringing together leading representatives from all over the country, the idea of Indian unity became a reality. Peoples became conscious of the bonds of common political, economic and cultural interest that united them. 2. The moderates became instrument in spreading information regarding, civil liberty, public welfare and nationalism. 3. Moderate leader like Dadabhai Naoroji, with his drain theory, clearly brought out how the British were exploiting India. 4. It was because of this persistence that the Indian Council Act of 1892 was passed.
Achievements & contribution of Dadabhai Naoroji: (born in 1825)
He was often called the Grand Old Man of India. He was the founder of London Indian society as well as East India association (1866).He was elected thrice the president of INC (1886, 1893&1906). He was elected to the British House of Commons and used this opportunity to highlight India’s plight. Through his Drain theory he showed how India’s wealth was being taken from India in form of savings, profits, pensions and salaries. He had the resolution of swaraj, boycott and swadeshi passed by the congress when he was Congress President. It was largely due to his efforts that a resolution was passed in House of Commons in favour of holding ICS examination in England and India simultaneously.
Contribution of Surendra Nath Banerjee: (born in 1848)
In 1876 S.N.B founded the Indian Association in co-operation with Anand Mohan Bose a fire band leader. This association launched a strong protest against the government decision of reducing the age limit of ISC examination in 1876. He was elected to Calcutta Corporation. In 1886 he merged his association with the INC. He was elected president of INC twice (1895 & 1902).He became a Great critique of the government after the government of India act 1919. For his role in Indians struggle for freedom, he is known as father of Indian Nationalism.
Contribution of Gopal Krishna Gokhale (born in 1866)
G.K.G. founded the servants of India society in 1905 for the purpose of training public workers. On behalf of Deccan Education society founded by Justice Ranadey, he went to England to present Indian views before the Welby commission. Gokhale also edited Sudharak, quarterly journal of Pune Sarvajanik Sabha. He became general secretary of Congress in 1897 and its president in 1905. He played and important role in passing of Minto-Morley Reform. As a member of Central legislative Council he tried to abolish Salt tax .Though he failed in this effort, he left a legacy to his political heir Mahatma Gandhi. He was a leader of such status that often he is called “Political Guru of Gandhi”.

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