Skip to main content

7. National movement during World War -1

Lucknow pact:
In 1915 both the congress and the league held their session at Bombay. The Bombay session of the league was attended by the congress leaders. The leaders of both the parties forged a joint plan of post war constitutional reforms. In 1916 the congress and the league again held their respective sessions at Lucknow. A joint scheme was finally adopted by them. This agreement signed by two parties is known as the Lucknow pact.
Terms/clauses of Lucknow pact:
1. The Indian councils of the secretary of state operating from England should be abolished. The secretary of state for India was to be assisted by two under secretaries, of whom one should be an Indian. 2. Four-fifth of the members of the provincial legislatures were to be directly elected and one-fifth to be nominated. 3. The minorities should have adequate separate representation in elected bodies. 4. The imperial legislative councils were to have 150 members. Of this 4/5 were to be elected and 1/5 nominated. 1/3 of the elected members were to be Muslims. 5. Defense, foreign affairs and political relations of India, i.e. making of war, or peace treaty, were excluded from the control of the imperial legislature. 6. Provinces were to be autonomous in their respective spheres. 7. Half of the member of the viceroy’s executive councils was to be Indian, elected by the imperial legislative council. (elected members) 8. No legislative council shall precede any bill if 3/4th of the members of any committee are opposed to it. 9. Executive officers should not have judicial powers entrusted to them. Members of the judiciary in every province were to be placed under the control of the highest court of that province.
Impact / Significance of Lucknow pact:
1. It was an important step on the road to Hindu Muslim unity. 2. The Lucknow pact brought two factions (wings) of the congress together i.e. moderates and the extremist were united after eight long years. 3. The congress league alliance and coming together of the two factions the congress demoralized the govt. of India. 4. The pact led to the gradual development of self-governing institutions.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

THE RIFT BETWEEN GANDHIJI AND SUBASH CHANDRA BOSE

The younger sections in the congress laid by Subhash Chandra Bose were loosing faith in the non-violent programs and in the leadership of Gandhiji. 1. Subhash Chandra Bose was in sympathy with the farmer’s movement, whereas Gandhiji was opposed to the lawless activities of the farmers. 2. Bose’s idea of socialism was not much liked by Gandhiji. 3. Subhash Chandra Bose looked upon a war between Britain and Germany as God sent opportunity to exploit and situation. Pandit Nehru and Gandhiji were definitely opposed to the idea of taking advantage of Britain’s peril. 4. Subhash Chandra Bose favoured the policy of large scale industrialization. On the other hand Gandhiji favoured the idea of small scale industries to make the villages’ self-sufficient. 5. Gandhiji’s candidate Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya was defeated and Subhash Chandra Bose was reflected as congress president in 1939 at Tripura. This defeat was taken by Gandhiji as his own defeat. Thus both could not come to any agreement on...
Post a Comment
Read more

Foundation of the Indian National Congress

Indian National Movement got an impetus after the foundation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. Mr. A.O. Hume, a retired member of the Indian Civil Service, took the initiative in this direction. He appealed to the Graduates of the Calcutta University to form an association for the moral, social and political regeneration of the Indians. Lord Dufferin, the then Viceroy of India, supported the idea. Leaders like Dada Bhai Nauroji S.N. Banerjee, Ferozshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji and others helped him to found the Indian National Congress. The first session of the Congress was held at Bombay with W. C. Banerjee, as the first President. It was attended by 72 members. Delegates came from different parts of the country and most important among them were Dadabhai Naoroji, Ranade, Pherozeshah Mehta, K.T. Telang, Dinshaw Wacha etc. The meeting was truly a national gathering consisting of leading men from all parts of India. The initial aims and objectives of the congress, were 1. To ...
Post a Comment
Read more

5. The Partition of Bengal

What was the reason behind the partition of Bengal? Official motive- Bengal during those period was very big all most about 1 lakh 90 thousand square miles and a population of 78.5 million it was said that the province of Bengal was too big to be efficiently administered by the single provincial government it was quite difficult for one L.T governor to administer it efficiently therefore a scheme was prepared to divide the province of the Bengal into two separate provinces. Real motives- 1. The real motive was to break the growing solidarity of Bengali nationalisms. 2. To drive a wedge (gap) between the Hindus and Muslims 3. To demonstrate the strength of British Raj. Anti-partition movement – Reaction of the people – On 16th October 1905 partition of Bengal took place. This was declared as a day of mourning (sad). Every city, town and village now rang with the cry of ‘Bande Matram’. In Calcutta, the procession laid to the river Ganga. After a dip, people tied rakhi to each o...
Post a Comment
Read more