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7. National movement during World War -1

Lucknow pact:
In 1915 both the congress and the league held their session at Bombay. The Bombay session of the league was attended by the congress leaders. The leaders of both the parties forged a joint plan of post war constitutional reforms. In 1916 the congress and the league again held their respective sessions at Lucknow. A joint scheme was finally adopted by them. This agreement signed by two parties is known as the Lucknow pact.
Terms/clauses of Lucknow pact:
1. The Indian councils of the secretary of state operating from England should be abolished. The secretary of state for India was to be assisted by two under secretaries, of whom one should be an Indian. 2. Four-fifth of the members of the provincial legislatures were to be directly elected and one-fifth to be nominated. 3. The minorities should have adequate separate representation in elected bodies. 4. The imperial legislative councils were to have 150 members. Of this 4/5 were to be elected and 1/5 nominated. 1/3 of the elected members were to be Muslims. 5. Defense, foreign affairs and political relations of India, i.e. making of war, or peace treaty, were excluded from the control of the imperial legislature. 6. Provinces were to be autonomous in their respective spheres. 7. Half of the member of the viceroy’s executive councils was to be Indian, elected by the imperial legislative council. (elected members) 8. No legislative council shall precede any bill if 3/4th of the members of any committee are opposed to it. 9. Executive officers should not have judicial powers entrusted to them. Members of the judiciary in every province were to be placed under the control of the highest court of that province.
Impact / Significance of Lucknow pact:
1. It was an important step on the road to Hindu Muslim unity. 2. The Lucknow pact brought two factions (wings) of the congress together i.e. moderates and the extremist were united after eight long years. 3. The congress league alliance and coming together of the two factions the congress demoralized the govt. of India. 4. The pact led to the gradual development of self-governing institutions.

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